After you install some common softwares or programmers, usually the first thing you need to do is to change the source addresses of softwares or package managers for chinese users. Here are some common tutorials.

Change Apt-get Repository Source

ubuntu20.04 LTS

We take the ubuntu20.04 LTS as an example.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # backup (optional)
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list # edit the source list file

# file: /etc/apt/sources.list
# comment out the original content and add the content below (Tsinghua University source)
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt-get update # update list

Attention:

  1. “deb” source address corresponds to the command apt, which will only get the binary files without compiling, and “deb-src” source address corresponds to the command apt-get, which may get the source codes and compile them.

  2. the format of source address is

    1
    2
    deb http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3
    deb-src http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3

    where the “distribution” is usually “ubuntuCodeName-sourceBranch”.

    ubuntuCodeName is related to the version of ubuntu system and can be found by the command lsb_release -a. Here are some ubuntu alias name:

    1
    2
    3
    4
    14.04 LTS ----> Trusty
    16.04 LTS ----> Xenial
    18.04 LTS ----> Bionic
    20.04 LTS ----> Focal

    sourceBranch is usually *”empty”*/security/updates/backports/proposed. Proposed branch is pre-release software source, which is not recommended to use.

    component is usually main/restricted/universe/multiverse

    If your system is not ubuntu20.04 LTS, you need to replace the source address by yourself.

Here are some famous repository source addresses (ubuntu20.04 LTS):

Address 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
# Tsinghua University
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# University of Science and Technologyof China
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# Ali Cloud
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Respberry Pi

The first thing you need to do is finding the code name of your respbian system version by command lsb_release -a

Take an example whose code name is “bullseye”(Respberry Pi 4b):

Comment the original content and additional content you need to add in /etc/apt/sources.list file:

1
2
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contrib rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contrib rpi

And in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list file, you need to comment the original content as well and add:

1
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ bullseye main ui

If your system has another code name, just replace the code name part of the address and do the same thing.

Don’t forget to execute sudo apt-get update

Change Pip Repository Source

Assuming you have successfully install Python3 and Pip package manager, do the following steps.

Temporary Use:

1
pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple # use -i parameter

Permanent Use:

1
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Here are some famous pip source addresses:

Address 
1
2
3
4
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ # Tsinghua University
https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ # University of Science and Technologyof China
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ # Ali Cloud
http://mirrors.myhuaweicloud.com/pypi/web/simple # Huwwei Cloud

Change Docker Reposition Address

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
sudo vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

# add the following content in daemon.json file
{
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
} 

sudo service docker restart # restart docker

Here are some famous docker mirror reposition addresses:

Address 
1
2
https://registry.docker-cn.com # Docker china official address
https://kfwkfulq.mirror.aliyuncs.com # Ali Cloud

Change Homebrew Reposition Address (MacOS)

If you have’n install Homebrew

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install
/bin/bash brew-install/install.sh
rm -rf brew-install

Then add environment path to ~/.zprofile

1
2
3
4
5
vi ~/.zprofile

export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

If you use arm64 MacOS ,some extra steps are needed. Intel macOS doesn’t need it.

1
test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile

If you have install homebrew

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
brew update

export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/core https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-fonts https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-drivers https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-versions https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git
brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/command-not-found https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git

brew update

Or use script here,

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
#!/bin/bash
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
brew update
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-drivers,-versions} command-not-found; do
    brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update "homebrew/${tap}" "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-${tap}.git"
done
brew update

Adding environment paths to ~/.zprofile is recommended.

1
2
3
4
5
vi ~/.zprofile

export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
brew update
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"

Restore offical reposition assdress

Use the script here,

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
#!/bin/bash
unset HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

unset HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE
BREW_TAPS="$(BREW_TAPS="$(brew tap 2>/dev/null)"; echo -n "${BREW_TAPS//$'\n'/:}")"
for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-drivers,-versions} command-not-found; do
    if [[ ":${BREW_TAPS}:" == *":homebrew/${tap}:"* ]]; then  # 只复原已安装的 Tap
        brew tap --custom-remote "homebrew/${tap}" "https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-${tap}"
    fi
done

brew update

Homebrew binary precompile images

1
2
3
vi ~/.

export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"